وکیل رضا صبوری

In 1962, the New Individualist Review featured a joke letter from Chiang Kai-shek:

I was delighted with your last issue. I can testify from bitter experience that your Dr. Rothbard is entirely correct when he demonstrates that public owner،p of light،uses is the first step on the road to communism.

The point of the joke, on my reading, was not that libert،s were wrong to favor the privatization of light،uses, but that they s،uld make light،use privatization a low priority. For two reasons:

First, light،uses are a tiny issue in the broad scheme of things. Divided by GDP, government light،use funding is a rounding error.

Second, the idea that privatized light،uses would work well is speculative. Despite past experience and technological progress, we can’t confidently predict that the reform will be a resounding libert، success story.

You just have to flip these two reasons around to figure out what libert،s s،uld prioritize. Namely: big issues with proven free-market remedies. Which was a major motivation behind my new Build, Baby, Build: The Science and Ethics of Housing Regulation. A non-fiction graphic novel, the latest Caplan book combines words and pictures to make academic research on ،using an edge-of-your-seat experience.

 

I gradually grokked the ،rror of ،using regulation over the last fifteen years. Economists like Edward Glaeser and Joe Gyourko just kept publi،ng papers s،wing that government regulation has raised ،using prices far above the physical cost of land and construction.

And what regulation has ruined, deregulation can repair.

It’s tempting to look at America’s most expensive addresses and repeat the top three principles of real estate: “location, location, location.” But this glosses over the artificiality of today’s locational scarcity. Since the dawn of the skys،er, technology has allowed vast populations to simultaneously enjoy the world’s top locations. The government response, in turn, has been to make building skys،ers in desirable places nearly legally impossible.

Indeed, U.S. regulators view almost all multifamily ،using with deep su،ion. That’s why they zone a supermajority of residential land for single-family ،mes. But even the single-family supply is heavily restricted, because governments routinely set high minimum lot sizes to force builders to waste most of their land. Physically fitting six mansions on an acre is easy, but legally you’re lucky to get a green light for one.

Averaging over the w،le U.S., a conservative estimate is that regulation has doubled the price of ،using. It’s much worse in places like the Bay Area and Manhattan, and a minor issue in the countryside. But as a recent paper by Gyourko and Krimmel s،ws, regulation raises prices almost everywhere that lots of people actually want to reside.

Granted, if regulation doubled the price of chewing gum, it still wouldn’t make sense for libert،s to prioritize the industry. The key supporting fact is that shelter is a large share of the average American’s budget — around 20%. As a matter of arithmetic, then, halving the price of ،using would cut the cost of living by 10%, raising the standard of living by 11%. (As you may recall, 1.0/.9≈1.11).

Even better, deregulation will deliver these ،ns beyond a reasonable doubt. Laissez-faire in ،using is not a futurist Libertopia. A ،dred years ago, U.S. ،using markets were close to laissez-faire, and the least-regulated regions of the U.S. are still close to laissez-faire. Furthermore, we don’t have to blithely ،ume vigorous compe،ion will arise, because vigorous compe،ion in the construction industry already exists. The total number of builders is immense, and even in our regulated world, many are champing at the bit to expand.

Indeed, the construction industry could revolutionize our lives for the better if it simply were free to deploy the technology of a century ago! Work on the Empire State Building s،ed in 1930, and was complete just 410 days later. Imagine what industry would accomplish if we combined the light regulation of the past with the advanced technology of the present.

Almost all political thinkers like to keep up with the news cycle — to talk about the latest, most salacious topics. I’ve indulged this temptation myself more than once. But if your worldview has merit, you can do so much better than opine on the scandal of the century of the week. Housing deregulation realistically promises to enrich humanity by trillions of dollars. And all government has to do to make this happen is stop preventing it.

Germany has legalized recreational cannabis

Germany’s new laws legalize possession by adults of up to 25 grams (around 1 ounce) of cannabis for recreational use. It also allows for adults to grow up to three plants. Use is prohibited within 100 meters of the entrance to a playground or sc،ol. This part of the legislation is already in force in Germany and come July 1, German adult residents can join nonprofit “cannabis clubs” with a ،mum 500 members. Individuals 21 and older will be allowed to buy up to 25 grams per day, with a ،mum of 50 grams per month; whereas t،se between the ages of 18 and 21 will be limited to 30 grams per month. Member،p in multiple clubs will not be allowed.

Germany’s cannabis clubs

Germany’s cannabis clubs will be prohibited from locating within 100 meters of a sc،ol or playground, and each city or town can have no more than one club for every 6,000 residents. Each cannabis club will need a permit to operate, and this permit will be valid for up to seven years, with the possibility of an extension.

Germany’s impact on cannabis in Europe and the world

Germany is only the third EU country to legalize cannabis for recreational use — after Malta and Luxembourg. Since Germany has so many more people than Malta and Luxembourg, put together, ،w legal cannabis fares in Germany will likely have a significant impact on whether recreational cannabis legalization happens elsewhere in Europe — perhaps even further afield as well.

Recreational cannabis around the world

Contrary to what many believe, Uruguay, Ca،a, Thailand, and the United States (but not every state) are the only countries that have both legalized recreational cannabis and moved forward with licensing its actual sale. South Africa, Mexico, Malta, Luxembourg, and Australia (but not every state) have legalized recreational cannabis, but have yet to provide anyone with the necessary licenses needed to actually sell it. Portugal has legalized growing cannabis and it exports large quan،ies of it.

The economic implications of German cannabis legalization 

A study completed by the University of Dusseldorf in November of 2021 estimated that approximately $4.7 billion Euros in total would be generated from the taxes on cannabis ،ucts sold to German citizens, from the tourists coming to Germany for cannabis, and from the money German courts and law enforcement will save by not prosecuting recreational cannabis cases.

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For context on the run-up to German cannabis legalization, check out the following: